Reference guide

OpenAI Model Usage Guide: Sol, Terra, Luna, Reasoning Levels, and Subagents

A practical operating model for moving from the GPT-5.5 mental model to the GPT-5.6 family, with guidance for ChatGPT Work, Codex, model selection, reasoning depth, and explicit subagent orchestration.

Prepared for executive, architecture, research, and Codex workflows Source basis: OpenAI official docs and announcements Updated: July 9, 2026

The simple rule

The new model system has two decisions: choose the model family, then choose the reasoning effort. The model family controls the capability, speed, and cost profile. The reasoning effort controls how hard the selected model works.

Model family

LunaFast structured work
TerraEveryday serious work
SolHigh-value complex work

Reasoning effort

LowQuick
MediumBalanced
HighSerious
Extra HighDeep
MaxHardest single-task
UltraParallel subagent work

Executive summary

Do not force a one-to-one conversion from GPT-5.5 Low, Medium, High, and Extra High. OpenAI states that there is no exact mapping from GPT-5.5 reasoning efforts to GPT-5.6. The right migration pattern is to test a familiar task at a lower setting and adjust upward when needed.

For most professional work, use Terra Medium as the default. For architecture, research synthesis, hard coding, and final review, use Sol High first. Move to Sol Extra High or Sol Max only when the work is genuinely difficult or high-value.

Key operating idea: Ultra is not the only way to use subagents. Ultra gives proactive delegation. Non-Ultra settings still support explicit subagent workflows when you ask for delegation or define it through Codex project and skill instructions.
Migration caution: Start one level lower than your old GPT-5.5 habit when testing. GPT-5.6 may deliver equal or better results at lower effort, especially for familiar task types.

Model family decision

Luna
Fastest and most cost-efficient

Use Luna for high-volume, bounded, repeatable work where the desired output is clear. It is best for extraction, summarization, classification, formatting, cleanup, routing, and structured transformations.

Best fit: fast operational work and worker-agent tasks.

Terra
Balanced everyday workhorse

Use Terra for everyday serious work where judgment matters but maximum depth is not needed. It is the natural starting point for business analysis, routine coding review, planning, research triage, and document development.

Best fit: GPT-5.5 Medium and many GPT-5.5 High use cases.

Sol
Flagship complex-work model

Use Sol when the work requires deep synthesis, high confidence, complex reasoning, broad context, or final judgment. This is the preferred model for architecture, cybersecurity, deep research, advanced coding, and executive-grade synthesis.

Best fit: GPT-5.5 High, Extra High, Max-style work, and final review.

Visual capability map

This is a practical usage map, not an official numeric benchmark. It combines model family and reasoning depth to show where each setting normally belongs in day-to-day work.

Sol Ultra
parallel expert work
Sol Max
hardest single-task
Sol Extra High
deep reasoning
Sol High
serious complex work
Terra High
strong daily work
Terra Medium
new default
Terra Low
quick judgment
Luna Medium
structured work
Luna Low
fast execution
Faster and lower cost Deeper and more expensive

Practical correlation chart

Old GPT-5.5 habit New starting point Use when Adjustment rule
GPT-5.5 Instant or Low Luna Low or Terra Low Quick answers, summaries, formatting, simple transformations. Use Luna when the task is repeatable. Use Terra when judgment matters.
GPT-5.5 Medium Terra Medium Standard professional work, planning, analysis, everyday coding, document review. This is the safest new default for normal serious work.
GPT-5.5 High Sol High or Terra High Multi-step reasoning, tradeoffs, implementation planning, complex writing. Use Sol when quality matters more than speed, latency, or usage.
GPT-5.5 Extra High Sol High first, then Sol Extra High Architecture, difficult debugging, deep synthesis, complex decisions. Test Sol High first because GPT-5.6 may need less reasoning effort.
GPT-5.5 Pro Standard Sol High or Sol Extra High High-value analysis or review where reliability matters. Use higher effort only when the decision quality justifies the cost.
GPT-5.5 Pro Extended Sol Extra High, Sol Max, or Sol Ultra Hardest tasks, high-stakes review, broad research, multi-domain project work. Use Max for one hard problem. Use Ultra when the work can be split into lanes.

Reasoning effort decision ladder

Low

Quick execution

Use for simple tasks, direct answers, cleanups, transformations, and predictable output formats.

Medium

Balanced default

Use for everyday professional work where you need useful judgment without deep analysis.

High

Serious work

Use for multi-step reasoning, implementation planning, tradeoffs, coding review, and structured strategy.

XHigh

Deep analysis

Use when ambiguity, technical risk, architectural consequences, or executive quality matters.

Max

Hardest single-task reasoning

Use when depth matters more than speed or usage, and the task is one coherent problem rather than parallel work.

Ultra

Parallel subagent work

Use when the task naturally decomposes into independent lanes that can be worked in parallel and synthesized.

Ultra versus explicit subagents

Mode Subagents available? How they start Best use
Terra or Luna Low through High Yes You ask directly, or project and skill instructions request it. Efficient scans, extraction, triage, test review, issue mapping.
Sol High or Extra High Yes Usually explicit unless Ultra is selected. High-value reasoning with controlled delegation.
Sol Max Yes Explicit delegation, unless the environment supports proactive delegation separately. Hard single-threaded work with occasional delegated evidence gathering.
Ultra Yes Can proactively delegate when parallel agents would materially improve speed or quality. Broad reviews, multi-lane implementation planning, large project assessment.
Practical interpretation: Ultra changes the autonomy level, not the existence of subagents. Non-Ultra settings can still use explicit subagent orchestration when the prompt or Codex configuration asks for it.

Recommended usage patterns

Executive strategy and analysis

Start: Sol High

Escalate: Sol Extra High or Sol Max when the work requires deep tradeoff analysis.

Use Ultra: When strategy, finance, risk, technical feasibility, and execution planning can be split into separate lanes.

Architecture and engineering handoff

Start: Sol High

Worker agents: Terra High for codebase scans, test review, data migration review, and documentation review.

Use Ultra: For large branch review, modernization planning, and multi-discipline implementation assessment.

Daily professional work

Start: Terra Medium

Escalate: Terra High or Sol High if the answer needs deeper judgment.

Use Luna: For cleanup, extraction, formatting, and high-volume processing.

Research synthesis

Start: Sol High

Escalate: Sol Extra High or Sol Ultra for broad research with multiple independent lanes.

Worker agents: Terra Medium or Terra High for source triage and evidence extraction.

Codex subagent prompt patterns

Controlled parallel review

Review this branch with parallel subagents.

Spawn:
1. Architecture reviewer for architecture, boundaries, and migration risk.
2. Test reviewer for regression coverage, smoke tests, and fixture gaps.
3. Data reviewer for persistence, storage seams, and migration concerns.

Wait for all agents. Then synthesize the findings into a prioritized implementation plan with file references.

Use Terra as efficient worker agents

Use the main agent as the final synthesizer.

Delegate bounded read-heavy work to Terra worker agents:
- One agent maps the codebase structure.
- One agent reviews the test strategy.
- One agent extracts data and persistence concerns.

Keep worker outputs concise. Return only evidence, risks, and recommendations.

Keep the main thread clean

Move noisy exploration into subagents.
Do not flood the main thread with raw logs or intermediate notes.
Return a clean summary with:
1. What was inspected
2. What was found
3. What is risky
4. What should be done next

Codex configuration sketch

Use custom agents when you want reusable expert roles. The main idea is to keep the parent agent focused on synthesis and use worker agents for bounded evidence gathering, scanning, and review.

# .codex/config.toml
[agents]
max_threads = 6
max_depth = 1
# .codex/agents/architecture-reviewer.toml
name = "architecture_reviewer"
description = "Reviews architecture, boundaries, state management, and migration risk."
model = "gpt-5.6-terra"
model_reasoning_effort = "high"
sandbox_mode = "read-only"
developer_instructions = '''
Review like a senior software architect.
Focus on architectural seams, domain boundaries, data persistence, regression risk, and migration path.
Return concrete findings with file references.
'''

When to use Ultra

Use Ultra when the work decomposes cleanly

  • Architecture, security, testing, and migration can be reviewed independently.
  • Multiple files, services, or documents need parallel inspection.
  • You want the system to decide when delegation improves quality or speed.
  • You need a synthesized result from several expert lanes.

Avoid Ultra when the task is simple or tightly coupled

  • The request is a direct question with one clear answer.
  • The task is mostly formatting or rewriting.
  • The work is write-heavy and multiple agents could conflict.
  • You need a fast answer more than exhaustive coverage.

One-page decision checklist

Question Use this choice
Is the task fast, structured, and repeatable? Luna Low or Luna Medium
Is this normal professional work where judgment matters? Terra Medium
Is this a serious analysis, plan, or coding review? Terra High or Sol High
Is this architecture, executive synthesis, or high-risk judgment? Sol High, then Sol Extra High if needed
Is this one hard problem that needs maximum depth? Sol Max
Can the work be split into independent expert lanes? Ultra, or explicit subagents on a non-Ultra setting
Do you want controlled orchestration instead of proactive delegation? Explicit subagents through the prompt, AGENTS.md, skills, or custom agent files

Source notes

These notes preserve the official source basis used for this guide. OpenAI product details can change, so use these links as the first place to verify current availability, naming, and limits.

OpenAI Help Center: Preview of GPT-5.6 Sol, Terra, and Luna
Describes Sol as the flagship model, Terra as the strong lower-cost option, and Luna as the fastest and most cost-efficient model. Also notes preview availability and pricing details.
https://help.openai.com/en/articles/20001325-a-preview-of-gpt-56-sol-terra-and-luna
OpenAI announcement: GPT-5.6 Sol
Describes Terra as balanced for everyday work, Luna as fast and affordable, Max as deeper single-task reasoning, and Ultra as subagent-based acceleration for complex work.
https://openai.com/index/previewing-gpt-5-6-sol/
ChatGPT Learn: Models
States that there is no exact mapping from GPT-5.5 reasoning efforts to GPT-5.6 and recommends testing familiar tasks at lower settings. Also describes Sol, Terra, Luna, Max, and Ultra guidance.
https://learn.chatgpt.com/docs/models
ChatGPT Learn: Codex Subagents
Explains that at most intelligence levels you ask explicitly for delegation, while Ultra can proactively delegate. Also documents project and skill instruction delegation, custom agents, max threads, and nesting depth controls.
https://learn.chatgpt.com/docs/agent-configuration/subagents